Trusting God Through Hard Times

Charley and Cheryl Warner our missionaries from the city of Irpin in Ukraine share how their ministry has been impacted by the war.

Good morning. Happy Father’s Day to everyone. I don’t know if you’re in a position like me. My father is not a believer yet. He’s 90. We’re still praying for my dad, Richard Warner. My mom passed away a few years ago at 92. She became a Christian at 91. So there’s still hope, even for my dad. And maybe you’re in that position that your father doesn’t know the Lord. So it’s Happy Father’s Day and pray for Father’s Day as well.

It’s good to be back here. Thank you to the worship team for leading us in worship. It’s the first time I’ve ever seen a bassist who played the clarinet, but I enjoyed that arrangement. That was very nice. So thank you for that. It’s also good to be back in the gym. In several furloughs, we have given reports in the Sunday school hour to combine Sunday school classes right here over the past 35 years, for which we’re thankful for being partners with Calvary since 1987 for ministry in the former Soviet Union. When we first went out, it was still the Soviet Union. We couldn’t tell people exactly where we were going openly in a meeting like this, we tell people we’re going east of New York, but that, of course, all changed in ’91. And we’re glad to be with you here again this weekend. This morning is going to be a little bit different. It’s not only meeting in the gym, as you will be for several weeks until the remodeling is done.

And I know there’s now traditional and contemporary services, is that right, am I understanding? And I tell you, I’m a diplomat, I like them both. I grew up in a non-Christian family and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, where rock and roll began. So that’s where I started. But I married into a family that is Christian ministry where they’re all professional musicians. So at our wedding in ’84, Cheryl’s family wrote the songs, arranged them, played them, sang them, and my side just kind of sat there. So I appreciate all types of music that praises the Lord. So I’m thankful for this service. And yeah, it’s touching, especially singing about the goodness of God, given what our country and what we personally have been through over the last four months. We’ll talk a little bit about that. It’ll be a little unusual. We’ll have time and the word, Psalm 77, James 1. But we’ll also have a report about our ministry and about our country. We’ll have some slides you can see of our house, which is still standing, fortunately, even though it was occupied by the Russian soldiers for two weeks, and we’ll have a short video that is a little bit intense but gives the reality of what the situation is in Ukraine right now. I’ve been told I need to hold my mike up higher, so. Is that okay, Joel? All right.

Here we go. Psalm 77 is one of my favorite psalms, because the honesty of the person writing it. Assaf, as you see in the introduction, wrote over ten Psalm. We don’t hear about him a lot. We hear about Psalm of David and others. But Asaph wrote many important psalms. He served under King David and King Solomon in leading worship and in preparing the temple for worship. And then his sons, generations after him, also was involved in worship. So this is a person in ministry, a person who being in ministry could say, Oh, everything’s fine, it’s okay. But what we see is he pours his heart out and it’s to our benefit today. So when we talk about our ministry and Ukraine, we’re really talking about all of us in the context of these scriptures, of our focus and our viewpoint of where we are in our difficult times, as well as refocusing on the Lord Jesus.

So here’s Asaph. It appears that this is the middle of the night. He’s crying out to God. He’s, how can I put it?, he’s not being comforted. I mean, I know it says my soul refused to be comforted, but has it ever happened to you? You wake up in the middle of the night, you’re worried about something, you’re thinking about it. Maybe you’re praying about it. But God hasn’t answered yet. I know that’s happened to me. And in that sense, his soul is not comforted.

His peace of mind and soul is not there. He’s trying, he’s crying out, he’s groaning, it says. He tries to meditate; he can’t. His spirit is growing faint, his eyes: he’d like to go to sleep, but he can’t. He’s upset. In other words, he’s a normal person like us. He’s a genuine person who’s crying out to God and saying, I don’t understand what’s going on. We could say I don’t understand why Putin invaded Ukraine, why it has caused all this horror. I don’t understand it. It could be something in your own life going on right now. It’s difficult. You don’t understand it. God has an answer. Let’s see how he continues.

In the next section (Psalm 77:5-9), he tries to think about his former years. He tries to sing. He tries to right his heart. But then he asks five or six very honest questions. And just to ask these questions doesn’t mean that he’s not spiritual or doesn’t trust the Lord, but he’s being genuine. He’s saying at this time, as I go through this trial, this difficult time, at this time, I’m looking for you Lord, and I’m looking for the way you usually act, but I’m not seeing it. So look at these questions. I’ll read them.

Will the Lord reject forever? Will He never show his favor again? Has His unfailing love vanished forever? Has His promise failed for all time? Has God forgotten to be merciful? Has He, in His anger, withheld His compassion? I think there’s times for all of us where we’ve looked at a situation and said, God, where are you? And it is okay to ask these questions. It doesn’t mean we aren’t spiritual. It just means we’re being honest to God. I know that Calvary right now is going through the book of Philippians. Is that right? Over a couple of months here. It says in Chapter 4 that in everything we should make our request known to God. I heard the speaker, Josh McDowell, speak once and he preached on this passage. He spoke on this passage, and he said that means everything. If you’re upset, make it known to God. If you’re not happy with God, make it known to Him. If you have requests (Thanksgiving), make it all known to Him. Be honest before Him how you feel. The question becomes, after we ask those questions, what do we do? And that’s where the Book of James comes in. James 1 has the strange saying that says, consider it all joy when you encounter various types of trials. Joy? I don’t normally think of joy when I’m in a trial. I’m not happy. The New Testament scholar Douglas Moo, who taught many years at Trinity and is now at Wheaton College. In a commentary on James, said it this way. He said, in these verses, you see the word trial in James 1.

A little bit farther on, you see the word tempted or temptation, and it talks about being lured into sin. That’s the one place in the New Testament where there’s a fishing example. That is where we get the word lure. It’s temptation, which is different from trial. Temptation is the inner enticement to sin, our sin nature. We are lured because of our sin nature to sin. Trials, on the other hand, as Douglas Moo puts it, are external circumstances that could cause us to doubt God’s character. Let me say that again. Trials testing hard times are external circumstances that could cause us to doubt God’s character. In other words, when we’re faced with a difficult situation, we have two choices. It’s like putting a staff on the ground. You say you’re going to go to the left, you’re going to go to the right. Not like it was the guy in Lord of the Rings who planted the staff. What was his name? Gandalf. He put the staff on the ground. He said, you can’t go any farther. What God does is he puts His staff in the ground and he says, You have to make a choice. What will you choose? Because for some of us, it’s easy to see a difficult situation and say, yeah, God’s character, where is his love? Where is this compassion? He must not love me. He must not care for me and turn away from God.

But the second choice is the one that God wants us to make, and that’s to choose to trust Him despite the trials based on how God has worked in your life in the past. And I’ll explain that after our time here talking about our ministry. But think about that. We always have a choice. It’s not that we have a roadblock and off you can’t go further; it’s that we have to make a choice. Now, for some of us right now, we might be going through difficult times. We might be going through situations where we don’t see God right now. But in a little bit, we’ll see the scripture as it continues in Psalm 77. You notice there’s the word ‘Selah’ in red at the end there. We’re not quite sure what that word means. Most likely it was a musical term. They would read scripture and then they’d have some music so that you could meditate on the scripture that was just read. Or maybe there was music that was played while the scriptures were read. In any event, it’s meant to say, Let’s think about these verses we just read. Ponder on that. I’m going to ask you to do that. And we’re going to tell a little bit of the difficulties, the good things and the difficulties that have been happening in our ministry. Our town of Irpin has become known around the world. Now Irpin just above us. Bucha, and after Bucha, Gostomel. Sorry, I’m trying to hold it up higher. I’ll do my best.

This is the cover of Time magazine at the end of March. This was the scene, evacuating Irpin, our town. You probably have seen this other photo of the people evacuating from under the bridge. Have you seen that? Yeah, that’s Irpin. When I went over that bridge on January 27th, when I evacuated a little bit earlier than most people. Well, Ukraine is in central Europe. You can see how massive to the right that Russia is. They really don’t need Ukraine. They have enough land. But these are the countries around us to the north, Poland, Belarus, Russia. To the West, Slovakia, Hungary and to the South, Romania, Moldova and across the sea is Turkey. In 2014, the Russians stole Crimea and they backed the rebels in the red section in the Donbas and Donetsk and Luhansk areas. And what they’ve done in the last three months is connect the red and the black by invading that area.

Our ministry over the years has been in the development of evangelical theological education in the former Soviet Union, helping with seminaries, helping with accrediting agencies. And the last few years, we’ve concentrated on teaching classes in missions and specifically training Ukrainians to take care of their own missionaries. You might not know it, but after years of us sending missionaries to Ukraine, they’re sending missionaries out. Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, India, China, Central Asia, Kenya, Uganda, Europe, Brazil, Egypt. They’re Ukrainian missionaries in all of those countries. So it’s been quite a movement. At the same time, the enthusiasm of sending out new missionaries, you also need to care for them. Or a lot of them just might come home because they can’t make it on the mission field. It’s difficult. So we’re involved in these type of things as well as for caring for other missionaries, including expatriate missionaries.

Well, since we last saw you, we survived the quarantine in Ukraine. We were there the first seven months of the pandemic. And we have been able to come to the States because the Ukraine health system wasn’t the best and it was getting stretched thin. So we came back to the States for some R&R and promptly got COVID as soon as we landed. So that didn’t work too well. But we have over the last three years, since we’ve seen you, had the opportunity to work with many seminaries who have classes in missions, and training new missionaries. So here’s Odessa Theological Seminary on the board of this seminary. We have a board meeting coming up on June 30th on Zoom, and this is one of our classes back in 2019. Some of these students, as part of their internships, went to Nepal, went to Uganda, went to Central Asia and other places. We also teach at the Ukrainian Baptist Theological Seminary. And by the way, we work mostly with the Baptist Union, but with other denominations and missions as well. We were the main speakers for the Missions Week. Some of these students had been to the mission field for several years. Some were about to go to the mission field. We also work closely with a seminary just outside of Kyiv that’s run by Koreans. So you see the man in the red and the lady in the green. Our missionaries from Korea, South Korea and the Kwans. And we teach missions classes there and work with the staff. The president of the seminary, the rector is one of my former students from the 1990s in Odessa. I also serve on the Foreign Missions Committee of the denomination. Ukrainian Baptist Church has about 2200 churches, and so they have a foreign missions committee. What we’re trying to do is serve at different levels. So we’ll serve on the Missions Committee of our local church. The denomination will serve on the boards of seminaries and accreditation associations. Others promoting mission and caring for missionaries. Since the conference last fall in September in Kyiv. We invited pastors to come from around the country to hear about how they can better support and care for their missionaries. In the bottom right-hand corner, you see the lady in white. That’s Olga Gabel. Olga herself had been a missionary for three years in Central Asia and now heads up the Care Committee for the Foreign Missions Committee.

Each of the group of pastors as they rotated through seminars, came through our care seminar. It says in Ukrainian, Mission, which is mission of care. During the pandemic, our mission said, Think of something you’ve never done before. Maybe you could do it during the pandemic, especially since you’re just sitting at home. So I thought, you know, I’d like more resources available in Russian and Ukrainian for people to understand better how to care. So I started a publishing house. These are the first three books we published, the one in the left, Healthy, Resilient and Effective in Cross-Cultural Ministry, we did in Russian; Ukrainian Cross-Cultural Servanthood by Duane Elmer we did in Ukrainian; and Tender Care. we did that in Ukrainian. In addition to these books, we’re developing websites for resources where people can reach them wherever they are around the world. Once a year, we’re involved in ministry in Armenia. If you look carefully on the left hand side, you can see that snowcapped mountain. That is Mt. Ararat. And so every morning we look out the seminary window and see Mt. Ararat and reminded of God’s faithfulness, and as we just sang, God’s goodness. We’re involved in a church plant there. We’re involved with another group. They have something called Joseph’s House, where they bring pastors and people in ministry out of Central Asia to Armenia for rest and relaxation and spiritual renewal. And it’s helped many pastors and their families go back to areas of persecution in Central Asia and survive better there spiritually, physically, mentally, psychologically.

We are part of Irpin Bible Church. That’s our building. It’s fairly large, but we build differently. It took 15 years to build this building. We have no building codes that tell us that we have 12 months to build a house or something like that. Our church was not bombed, fortunately. There were some broken windows from shrapnel. There was a bus in the parking lot that got blown up by a missile. But otherwise, our church is still there. And I’ll tell a little bit about their ministry in wartime in a little bit.

We live in a pine forest. This is a beautiful city. We have outdoor services when there’s no war and it’s warm enough. But we live in a pine forest. This is part of the church property. Well, if we start at a mission’s corner at the church so that people in the church would know there’s a place to go during the services on Sunday or during conferences during the week to talk more about missions locally, nationally and cross-culturally. This is our small group. The man in the middle, under the little round lights is Igor Bandura. He’s the first vice president of the Baptist Union. And I should say Irpin is a Christian center. Across from us is Mission Eurasia. Next to them is Child Evangelism Fellowship. Around the corner is Youth for Christ. There was a seminary, and the Baptist Union headquarters and Igor works there. Sergei is on the couch there. He’s the head of Samaritan’s Purse in Ukraine.

Cheryl, could you come up and share a little bit about what you’ve been motivated to do during the pandemic? Normally we do a lot of traveling. And because of the pandemic that stopped and one of my prayers had been to be more active in our church. And so I was able to begin a new Bible study with women in the church, encouraging them to invite their unsaved neighbors and to have a great place to just open the Word of God and read it together. And so that has continued, and I’ve been delighted to get to know some of these women. This was a training that we have. Our church has a very strong, small group ministry. So to be a member of the church means you are in a small group and we love each other, support each other, pray together. And we’re so thankful that we were already used to being on Zoom because when the war came, our community was very much dispersed and people all over the world. So the next slide you’ll see our group. So the two different years. This is in our home, which I’m not sure how it looks right now, but it was lovely to have this group of women there. And as I look at them, I realize they are scattered around the world. The first year we had a woman right in the middle who had just moved from Mariupol. You’ve heard about Mariupol in the news, which almost is nonexistent now. It’s just been decimated. She moved to Bucha, which has also been decimated and I’ve been texting with her. How are you doing? Are you okay? Where are you? In the smaller photograph, we had a woman who’s a brand new believer, Tanya, who came to the Lord just right before our study started. And I’ve never seen somebody so excited about studying Scripture and just a sponge, drinking it in and vibrant and bringing a lot of life into our group. She also was just about to be baptized before the war started, and then when the war interrupted that and she fled and she’s now in the UK.

So what we’re doing now is realizing we need each other now more than ever. This is not the time to stop meeting. We need to process what’s going on in life. Big decisions. People are displaced, they’re away from their husbands. Typically, women and children are refugees. There’s a law in Ukraine that forbids men between 18 and 60 from leaving the country unless they have three children under the age of 18. So most of these refugees are women and children without their dads. And thinking about that today on Father’s Day just breaks my heart. It’s been so hard. So we get together on Zoom still at the same time. For me, it’s Wednesday noon time. It’s 8:00 in Ukraine. But we have people in Sweden, in the UK, in Poland, a couple still in Ukraine and one even in Australia that we can never figure out how to get her on the call because the time difference is so, so great. But we realized, you know, your emotions are all over the place when this is happening. There’s anger, there’s confusion. There’s a lot of things that could tempt us not to trust the Lord. And so we are just opening the Scriptures and finding the Psalms more relevant than ever. And I’m realizing that so many of these songs were written by David, who knew war, and many of them are in the context of his running for his life, such as Psalm 57. Have mercy on me. Oh, God, have mercy on me. For in you my soul takes refuge. I will take refuge in the shadow of your wings Until the disaster has passed. I cry out to God most high, to God who fulfills his purpose for me. God sends his love and faithfulness. And this is so true. David was hiding in the cave when Saul was seeking to kill him. And when I think about the word refuge and refugees, I realized that ultimately our refuge is in Christ, it’s in the Lord and His faithfulness, and that He’s not left us, he’s not abandoned us. But as a group, we have just made it okay to express how we’re feeling, to encourage each other, to go to Scripture, to see how God is meeting us in that place. And just a personal word of testimony for me, because we’re not technically refugees, but we are also displaced. Our home is in Ukraine. We can’t be there right now. And we were living for about five and a half months out of a suitcase, kind of traveling the world and the country and very much impacted by this, as well as our Ukrainian friends. And so for me, it’s been a time of of just clinging to the Lord and just telling Him, I don’t know what you’re doing, but I’m going to trust you. Because just because I don’t know what He’s doing doesn’t mean that He doesn’t know what He’s doing. And he does; he has purposes in Ukraine. He has purposes for me. So what I felt called to more recently is in Psalm 63, some of the same language of hiding in the refuge of his wings. But with a new focus. It says on my bed, I remember you. I think of you through the watches of the night, just like in Psalm 77, because you are my help. I sing in the shadow of your wings.

And I get emotional because it is true. Because of Him, we can sing in the shadow of his wings. His promises are true. His faithfulness is true. He is present. He is there. He’s not abandoned us. And I don’t know what the future holds, but He does. And we know that He is with us. We trust Him. So that is what I am encouraging the women in my Bible study to do, and they’re encouraging each other. I’m just so grateful for them that we can be in this together, and we’re so grateful for our supporting churches who have loved us and cared for us. And we know that the Lord walks with us. I think I’m also a little bit teary today. I don’t know. I come to church to cry. Does anybody else do that? So this is not unusual for me, but it’s always the Lord so often meets me in the music and I just prayed early on, Lord, give me hope, a new glimpse of hope every day. And He has done that through scripture, through music, and today, singing. All my life You have been faithful. All my life You have been so, so good. The last time I heard that song was at my niece’s funeral in July last year, she died of COVID. And it’s true. He’s faithful. We experienced all kinds of loss. And I’m sure some of you have lost loved ones during the pandemic. And we all know there’s just other things in life that have nothing to do with that. So whether it’s a pandemic, whether it’s another kind of illness, whether it’s a relational loss, whether it’s a war. God is faithful and we can trust Him.

Thanks, Cheryl. This is a picture from downtown Kyiv in 2017. Ukrainians are not only fighting for political and economic freedom, they’re fighting for religious freedom. And in some ways, Ukraine has more religious freedom than even the States. This is the main street in downtown Kyiv. 200,000 evangelicals have come together for a day of Thanksgiving to the Lord. Could you do that on Fifth Avenue, New York or Michigan Avenue in Chicago or someplace like that? So we had all these wonderful things happening since we last saw you. What we’ve just reported about ministry and teaching at seminaries and setting up care networks for missionaries. And then the war comes to our Irpin. The video we’re about to see is about 3 minutes. That’s a little intense. So I hope it’s okay. When they use the word ‘objects’, they mean buildings. It’s not the best translation from Ukrainian. So here we go. <VIDEO>

That last part where it says destroyed, what they actually should have translated was damaged. That’s sobering isn’t it? And of course, as believers our life does not depend on the material world. It depends on Jesus and our hope of eternal life with him. So the war began. We had all this wonderful ministry in this town that was held up as a model of a modern town in Ukraine, moving forward. Our church stepped in the gap. What would you have done? Would you have evacuated to another country or somewhere else? It’s a question where we put down for the small group discussion this week about the sermon. Some people stayed. Other people left. In fact, most people left. Our town of 60,000 at the height of the Russian occupation, which was 30% of our town. There were only 3500 out of 60,000. All the rest had left. But we had a core of church members that appeared in Bible Church that stayed. They helped over 3000 people in March. With housing protection in the basement. It’s a bomb shelter with food, clothing. They help them evacuate. That’s the left picture. The right picture. Every night they talk to people about the gospel, and they’ve never seen such openness since this has happened. As you can see the bottom of the screen, one of the pastors said, we finally met our neighbors. You think of what Jesus said, love your neighbor as yourself. I know personally, I don’t always know my next door neighbor or other neighbors that well, but in our situation, people across the street, they would never come to our church, but they needed a place for safety. They came. They also heard the gospel. We’ve set up five volunteer centers in other cities that start out helping people with material things and still help them. But then they start a Bible study and they’re doing church planting as well from those churches. Opportunity in the midst of chaos and terrible situation. This is Roman and Zoya. Zoya, by profession, is a real estate agent. She stayed, husband and wife, she stayed, with serving 250 to 300 meals a night. Some nights in Irpin where we didn’t know how far the Russians would be able to advance. Fortunately, our church was not in that zone, but it was only about eight blocks away. There were Russian tanks guarding streets. Where our church has been distributing aid. It’s a World Food Program. Our city was named a hero city out of seven other cities in Ukraine. That hasn’t happened since World War Two. That’s a high distinction. But then look at the cost. 290 civilians were killed in our town. Including people down the street in a park for no reason at all other than to send a message.

Our town has begun rebuilding. The Russians left by the end of March, the beginning of April. They already started building a temporary bridge around the one you saw earlier with the people coming out from underneath. They started cleaning up. People from other cities came and cleaned up. This is our street. There’s a tank battle on our street. Those are spent tank shells. Around us, five buildings burned down of our neighbors. So how do you love your neighbor when their house is burned down? If you see the house on the right, you see a little circle satellite dish there, like a dish network dish. That’s our house. We are fortunate that our house did not burn down. The Russians occupied it for about two weeks. They ransacked the house. They stole all my clothes. They didn’t steal any of my theological books, though. We hope that at the end of August, I might be able to go back for a week just to inspect the situation and see what can be done. Can we move back? When can we move back? We don’t know. We’re asking that question. Lord, where is your compassion? Where is your favor? Just like Asaph in Psalm 77 is our house on the left and the right. And in the middle, you see, that might be a little hard to see. All our windows are blown out. So first we had Russians in our house, then we had Ukrainian looters, and then we had the weather to deal with because it was still March, April, snow and sleet and humidity and what have you. Russian tanks pulled up in the corner of our yard for getting a proper angle to defend our street against the Ukrainian soldiers.

This is the mission across the street on the left, this beautiful mission, one of the largest and most well known in all the former Soviet Union. Across the street from us, on the right, burned to the ground. Psalm 77.  So what do we do when we’re in a situation like this? Let’s see what Asaph does. It is progression of thought. He said. “Then I thought to this I will appeal the years when the most high. Stretched out his right hand. I will remember the deeds of the Lord. Yes, I will remember your miracles long ago. I will meditate on all your works and consider all your mighty deeds.” And if we go one more verse than what was read, it says, “Your ways of God are wholly what God is great as our God”. In other words, think of it like this. We all come into situations like the psalmist here. We’re in a difficult time and we don’t know what God’s doing. What he does is he remembers how God has been faithful in the past. He kept his word, he was trustworthy. And we hold on to that through the present times. Does it mean the situation goes away? It doesn’t mean that it gets easier. But when it talks about considering it all joy, it’s joy in the Lord, despite the circumstances, because we’ve changed our focus where we’re looking from honor problems onto the Lord and seeing how He has been faithful in the past and holding on to that. I don’t know if you have a way in your family that you remember God’s faithfulness, but I would suggest that you think of something.

I know some people keep a journal so they can look back and see how God has worked. One pastor I knew kept a flower vase, and in it we’re never flowers. Because what they would do is write down a situation and how God was faithful in that situation, fold it up, put it in the face. And whenever they next encountered a situation where they didn’t know what God was trying to do, they’d reach into the vase, pull it out, read it, and remember God’s faithfulness in the past. I would encourage you in your family to have some type of family tradition if you don’t already. to remember God’s faithfulness. Well, we’ve come to the end of our time. It’s a sobering thing to think about what’s happening in Ukraine. But it’s also a sobering thing to what happens in all of our lives when we face hard times. What we’re thankful for is that despite those trials, God is faithful. As we just sang, we can sing of the goodness of God, even the midst of trials, because as believers, we know God is trustworthy.

I think I’m going to stop there when we talk about our kids and everything, just to say thank you for your support. I don’t know if you know or not. Calvary donated some money for a pen Bible church to do these ministries. So we’re partners with you in doing ministry in Ukraine. And thank you for that. This is our prayer card we have back in the corner of the fellowship hall, will be standing back there eating another of those tasty rolls. But we have prayer cards that we can hand out. We have a list that you can sign up for receiving our prayer letter and, this photo was taken in our front yard. Those bushes aren’t there anymore because a Russian tank ran over it. Pray for us. We don’t know when we’re going to go back. We’d like to go back. We’re planning to go back, but we don’t know when. Pray for Bible Church and other churches as they minister in the midst of difficult times. There are rumors that the Russians are going to start another major offensive sometime this summer. We can’t predict. It’s almost impossible to know. Pray for peace. Most of all, just that the war would end. We don’t need this. It doesn’t really help the Russian nation at all. It’s a matter of ego of one person.

Pray for President Putin, which sometimes is hard to do. Our pastor has been very biblical in his outlook. He preached the Sermon on Loving Your Enemies. He said, Look, I don’t really love the Russians right now, but we’re called to do that. So pray for churches as they minister to people. Thank you for your time this morning. We appreciate you all and your attention and listening this morning. Thank you.